كيف أرسًم شجرة عيد ميلاد علىLaTeX باستعمال TiKZ؟

محمد بوسكوري · 21 ديسمبر 2015

أريد إدراج شجرة عيد ميلاد على برنامج LaTeX باستعمال حزمة TiKZ، حيث قمت باستعمال lindenmayersystems K، بهذا الكود:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{lindenmayersystems}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [color=green!50!black, l-system={rule set={S -> [+++G][---G]TS,
  G -> +H[-G]L, H -> -G[+H]L, T -> TL, L -> [-FFF][+FFF]F}, step=4pt, angle=18,
 axiom=+++++SLFFF, order=11}] lindenmayer system -- cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

كيف استطيع إدراج هذه الشجرة؟ وكيف اضيف إليها بعض الزينة؟

E.Nourddine · 23 ديسمبر 2015

عندي لك اقتراحين اثنين لتعويض الشجرة:

الأول:

\documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl} 
\usepackage[dvipsnames,svgnames]{xcolor}  
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,decorations.shapes}
\newsavebox{\mycandle}
\savebox{\mycandle}{ 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.1]
\shade[top color=yellow,bottom color=red] (0,0) .. controls (1,.2) and (1,.5) .. (0,2) .. controls (-1,.5)  and  (-1,.2) .. (0,0);
\fill[yellow!90!black] (.8,0) rectangle (-.8,-5); 
\end{tikzpicture} } 

\tikzset{
  paint/.style={draw=#1!50!black, fill=#1!50},
  my star/.style={decorate,decoration={shape backgrounds,shape=star},
                  star points=#1}
}  

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture} 
   \draw[fill=Maroon,ultra thick] 
   (.75,-1)  ..  controls (.5,.5)  and   (.5,3)    .. (0.5,4) 
-- (-0.5,4)  ..  controls (-.5,3) and (-.5,.5)     .. (-.75,-1) ;
\draw[ultra thick,fill=green!50!black] 
      (0,10) .. controls  (0,8)     and   (1,7)    .. (1.5,7) 
             ..  controls (1,7)     and   (1,7)    .. (0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls (1.5,5)   and   (2.5,4)  .. (3,4)
             ..  controls (2,4)     and   (1.25,4) .. (1,4.5)
             ..  controls (2,2)     and   (3.5,2)  .. (4,2)
             ..  controls (1,1)     and   (-1,1)   .. (-4,2) 
             ..  controls (-3.5,2)  and   (-2,2)   .. (-1,4.5)
             ..  controls (-1.25,4) and   (-2,4)   .. (-3,4) 
             ..  controls (-2.5,4)  and   (-1.5,5) .. (-0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (-1,7)   .. (-1.5,7)
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (0,8)    .. (0,10)
              ;
\foreach \candle in {(2,5),(-2,5),(0.5,7.5),(-0.5,7.5),(-3,2.5), (3,2.5),
                    (1.5,1.75),(-1.5,1.75)}
\node at \candle {\usebox{\mycandle}} ; 
 \node [star, star point height=.5cm, minimum size=.5cm, draw,fill=yellow,thick]
       at (0,10) {};
       \begin{scope}[decoration={shape sep=.2cm, shape size=.25cm}] 
    \draw [my star=6, paint=red]  (-4,2)
             ..  controls (0,2)     and   (1,3.5)   .. (1,4.5)
             ..  controls (1,6)     and   (0.5,6)      .. (0.5,7.25); 
    \draw [my star=6, paint=blue]  (4,2)
             ..  controls  (0,2) and (-1,3.5)      .. (-1,4.5)             
             ..  controls (-1,6)     and   (-0.5,6)      .. (-0.5,7.25);    
       \end{scope}  
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

لتكون نتيجة الشجرة كما توضح الصورة التالية:

ثم الإقتراح الثاني، هي نفس الشجرة، لكن بتأثيرات أخرى مغايرة للأولى، كاضافة بعض الكرات والثلوج:

\documentclass[11pt]{scrartcl} 
\usepackage[dvipsnames,svgnames]{xcolor}  
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{%
  shapes,
  decorations.shapes,
  decorations.fractals,
  decorations.markings,
  shadows
}

\newsavebox{\mycandle}
\savebox{\mycandle}{ 
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.1]
\shade[top color=yellow,bottom color=red] (0,0) .. controls (1,.2) and (1,.5) .. (0,2) .. controls (-1,.5)  and  (-1,.2) .. (0,0);
\fill[yellow!90!black] (.8,0) rectangle (-.8,-5); 
\end{tikzpicture} } 

\tikzset{
  paint/.style={draw=#1!50!black, fill=#1!50},
  my star/.style={decorate,decoration={shape backgrounds,shape=star},
                  star points=#1}
}  

\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[  ball red/.style={
    decorate,
    decoration={
      markings,
      mark=between positions .2 and 1 step 3cm
      with
      {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\sz}{2 + .5 * rand}
        \path[shading=ball,ball color=red] (0,0) circle[radius=\sz mm];
      }
    }
  } ,ball blue/.style={
    decorate,
    decoration={
      markings,
      mark=between positions 0.1 and .9 step 3cm
      with
      {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\sz}{2 + .5 * rand}
        \path[shading=ball,ball color=blue] (0,0) circle[radius=\sz mm];
      }
    }
  }   
]

\draw[fill=Maroon,ultra thick] 
      (.75,-1)  ..  controls (.5,.5)  and   (.5,3)    .. (0.5,4) 
   -- (-0.5,4)  ..  controls (-.5,3) and (-.5,.5)     .. (-.75,-1) ;
\shade[ultra thick, top color=green!90!black,bottom color=green!10!black] 
      (0,10) .. controls  (0,8)     and   (1,7)    .. (1.5,7) 
             ..  controls (1,7)     and   (1,7)    .. (0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls (1.5,5)   and   (2.5,4)  .. (3,4)
             ..  controls (2,4)     and   (1.25,4) .. (1,4.5)
             ..  controls (2,2)     and   (3.5,2)  .. (4,2)
             ..  controls (1,1)     and   (-1,1)   .. (-4,2) 
             ..  controls (-3.5,2)  and   (-2,2)   .. (-1,4.5)
             ..  controls (-1.25,4) and   (-2,4)   .. (-3,4) 
             ..  controls (-2.5,4)  and   (-1.5,5) .. (-0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (-1,7)   .. (-1.5,7)
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (0,8)    .. (0,10)
              ;

\foreach \candle in {(2,5),(-2,5),(0.5,7.5),(-0.5,7.5),(-3,2.5), (3,2.5),
                    (1.5,1.75),(-1.5,1.75)}
\node at \candle {\usebox{\mycandle}} ; 
\node [star, star point height=.5cm, minimum size=.5cm,draw,fill=yellow,thick]
      at (0,10) {};
\begin{scope}[decoration={shape sep=.2cm, shape size=.25cm}] 
    \draw [my star=6, paint=red]  (-4,2)
             ..  controls (0,2)     and   (1,3.5)   .. (1,4.40); 
    \draw [my star=6, paint=red]  (-1.5,5.40)
             ..  controls (0,5.40)     and   (0.5,6.5)      .. (0.5,7);  
    \draw [my star=6, paint=blue]  (4,2)
             ..  controls  (0,2) and (-1,3.5)      .. (-1,4.40);             
    \draw [my star=6, paint=blue]  (1.5,5.40)
             ..  controls (0,5.40)     and   (-0.5,6.5)      .. (-0.5,7);     
\end{scope} 
% the balls
\path[ball red] 
      (0,10) .. controls  (0,8)     and   (1,7)    .. (1.5,7) 
             ..  controls (1,7)     and   (1,7)    .. (0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls (1.5,5)   and   (2.5,4)  .. (3,4)
             ..  controls (2,4)     and   (1.25,4) .. (1,4.5)
             ..  controls (2,2)     and   (3.5,2)  .. (4,2)
             ..  controls (1,1)     and   (-1,1)   .. (-4,2) 
             ..  controls (-3.5,2)  and   (-2,2)   .. (-1,4.5)
             ..  controls (-1.25,4) and   (-2,4)   .. (-3,4) 
             ..  controls (-2.5,4)  and   (-1.5,5) .. (-0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (-1,7)   .. (-1.5,7)
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (0,8)    .. (0,10)
              ; 
\path[ball blue] 
      (0,10) .. controls  (0,8)     and   (1,7)    .. (1.5,7) 
             ..  controls (1,7)     and   (1,7)    .. (0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls (1.5,5)   and   (2.5,4)  .. (3,4)
             ..  controls (2,4)     and   (1.25,4) .. (1,4.5)
             ..  controls (2,2)     and   (3.5,2)  .. (4,2)
             ..  controls (1,1)     and   (-1,1)   .. (-4,2) 
             ..  controls (-3.5,2)  and   (-2,2)   .. (-1,4.5)
             ..  controls (-1.25,4) and   (-2,4)   .. (-3,4) 
             ..  controls (-2.5,4)  and   (-1.5,5) .. (-0.5,7.25) 
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (-1,7)   .. (-1.5,7)
             ..  controls  (-1,7)   and   (0,8)    .. (0,10)
              ; 
 % the snow
\foreach \i in {0.5,0.6,...,1.6}
     \fill [white!80!blue,decoration=Koch snowflake,opacity=.9]
           [shift={(rand*5,rnd*8)},scale=\i]
           [double copy shadow={opacity=0.2,shadow xshift=0pt,
           shadow yshift=3*\i pt,fill=white,draw=none}]
        decorate {
          decorate {
            decorate {
              (0,0) -- ++(60:1) -- ++(-60:1) -- cycle
            }
          }
        };                  
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

لنحصل على:

* لاحظ أن الكرات والأشكال الأخرى ماهي في الحقيقة إلا أشكال هندسية تم رسمها باستعمال برنامج LaTeX، وبالتحديد باستعمال مكتبةTikzlibrary:

\usetikzlibrary{%
  shapes,
  decorations.shapes,
  decorations.fractals,
  decorations.markings,
  shadows
}

تم التعديل في 23 ديسمبر 2015 بواسطة E.Nourddine

كيف أرسًم شجرة عيد ميلاد علىLaTeX باستعمال TiKZ؟

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محمد بوسكوري

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